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System engineering for water pollution control at the watershed level in China

Wei MENG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 443-452 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0037-0

摘要： The present water pollution situation at watershed level in China has been systematically analyzed. The causes of water pollution are attributed to the extensive economic developmental pattern, poor wastewater treatment, and a lack of nonpoint pollution control. The problems of water pollution control at watershed level include a lack of thought and approach, developmental delay in the environmental standard system, an inadequate monitoring ability, and an inefficient implementation of laws and regulations. From 2006 to 2020, water pollution control and governance will be a national key specific project of science and technology in China. The strategies of this project include establishing a water pollution control system at watershed level, orienting a healthy aquatic ecosystem, conducting risk management, and using comprehensive methods. The goal is to establish and complete a technological system of pollution control and management in three five-year phases. The main tasks are to develop common technologies, management systems, and mechanisms for lake eutrophication control, river pollution control, urban water environmental pollution control, potable water safety, and water environmental management. The bottlenecks of water pollution control and management in China could be systematically removed, and the demonstration of the system engineering approach will be conducted at selected key watersheds.

关键词： water pollution control watershed system engineering sustainability integrated watershed management key specific project of science and technology

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Bacteriophages in water pollution control: Advantages and limitations

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1378-y

摘要：

•Phages can be better indicators of enteric viruses than fecal indicator bacteria.

关键词： Phage Water pollution monitoring Harmful bacteria biocontrol Horizontal gene transfer Bacterial resistance

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Review of water pollution control in China

GAO Tingyao, CHEN Hongbin, XIA Siqing, ZHOU Zengyan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 142-149 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0026-8

摘要： Water resource shortage and pollution has seriously threatened the survival and development of developing countries. Because of China’s specific economical and social circumstances, complete adoption of developed countries’ experience is unrealistic. At present, China needs to develop strategies and technologies in source water pollution control and municipal environmental remediation that embrace the country’s specific need to battle the water resource problem. Among them, efficient source water pretreatment is a critical step to ensure a safe municipal water supply. Unlike developed countries, it is not yet feasible in China to treat water supplied to the household and have it meet the standard of direct drinking; therefore, it is more appropriate to refer to it as service water. As a beneficial supplement, an additional community drinking water network and household drinking water apparatus can be considered.

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Post-evaluation of a water pollution control plan: methodology and case study

Lin ZENG,Xin DONG,Siyu ZENG,Tianzhu ZHANG,Jing LI,Jining CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 712-724 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0773-2

摘要： China has developed more than 20 water pollution control plans for river basins (RBWPs) since 1996. However, the implementation has generally lagged. This paper proposes a three-step, post-evaluation methodology to analyze the implementation result of a RBWP and its influential factors. First, a multi-attribute evaluation method based on an index system is established to score the enforcement results of a RBWP. Indicators measure how well a RBWP has achieved its objectives, which include water quality compliance, pollution load control, project construction, financial inputs, and related management requirements. Second, an interpretive structural model is used to detect the significant factors that affect RBWP implementation. This model can effectively analyze the cause-effect chain and hierarchical relationship among variables. Five groups of factors were identified, namely, plan preparation, water resource endowment, policy, institution, and management. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed in the third step to evaluate the extent to which these factors have influenced the execution result of a RBWP, including pre-post contrast, scenario analysis, and correlation analysis. This research then post-evaluated the implementation of the Huai River Basin water pollution control plans (H-RBWPs) over a period of 10 years as a case study. Results showed that the implementation of the H-RBWPs was unsatisfactory during 2001–2005, although it improved during 2006–2010. The poor execution of these plans was partially caused by the underestimation of regional economic development in combination with ineffective industrial structure adjustment policies. Therefore, this case study demonstrates the feasibility and flexibility of the proposed post-evaluation methodology.

关键词： river basin water pollution control plan post plan evaluation multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation interpretive structural model combined qualitative/quantitative method

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我国工业水污染防治措施实施情况评估

曹宏斌, 李爱民, 赵赫, 李庭刚, 张笛, 朱利中

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第5期页码 137-144 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.016

摘要：

自2018 年1 月1 日新修订的《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》正式施行以来，工业水污染防治措施条款总体执行良好，全国工业水污染防治相关政策措施与设施建设已取得显著进展与成效。国家及相关部门高度重视、各省市积极响应，发布相关政策法规等60 余项；各级部门继续淘汰落后产能，积极推进企业清洁生产，完成了1400 余项工业集聚区污水集中处理设施建设，支撑水污染防治工程举措落地。此外，通过调研评估发现，在部分法律条款执行和工业系统性水污染防治等方面仍然存在落实进展缓慢的情况，存在条款间地区、行业落实不平衡，污染超标排放时有发生，支撑新的国家/地方污水排放标准的监管能力不足等问题。建议以清洁生产为核心抓手，全过程综合控制工业水污染，同时优化调整排水指标，进一步推进环境信息公开，为水污染防治攻坚战和生态文明建设目标任务的完成提供支撑。

关键词：水污染防治；工业水污染；防治措施；工程举措；清洁生产；信息公开

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IMPROVING NITROGEN SAFETY IN CHINA: NITROGEN FLOWS, POLLUTION AND CONTROL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 465-474 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022454

摘要：

● It is necessary to address the N flows and their impacts on environment in China for sustainable N management.

关键词： barriers future management ammonia emissions nitrogen input water N pollution

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Scenario analysis of water pollution control in the typical peri-urban river using a coupled hydrodynamic-water

Haifeng JIA, Shuo WANG, Mingjie WEI, Yansong ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 255-265 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0279-x

摘要： The water quality pollution and ecological deterioration in peri-urban rivers are usually serious under rapid urbanization and economic growth. In the study, a typical peri-urban river, Nansha River, was selected as a case study to discuss the scheme of peri-urban river rehabilitation. Located in the north part of the Beijing central region, the Nansha River watershed has been designated as an ecologically friendly garden-style area with high-tech industry parks and upscale residential zones. However, the Nansha River is currently seriously contaminated by urban and rural pollutants from both nonpoint sources (NPS) and point sources (PS). In this study, the pollutant loads from point sources and nonpoint sources in the Nansha River watershed were first assessed. A coupled model, derived from the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code and Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program, was developed to simulate the hydrodynamics and water quality in the Nansha River. According to the characteristics of the typical peri-urban river, three different PS and NPS control scenarios were designed and examined by modeling analyses. Based on the results of the scenario analysis, a river rehabilitation scheme was recommended for implementation.

关键词： peri-urban river coupled hydrodynamic-water quality modeling scenario analysis river rehabilitation

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我国水污染防治法综合评估研究

侯立安,徐祖信,尹海龙,张林

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第5期页码 126-136 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.015

摘要：

全面贯彻实施新修订的《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》对打好污染防治攻坚战和建设美丽中国具有重要意义。本文首先评估了水污染防治法2018 年1 月1 日施行以来取得的八个方面成效，在此基础上剖析了水污染防治法实施中存在的问题，主要体现在水环境管理体制机制、水污染执法监管、饮用水水源保护和地下水污染防治、水污染防治主要工作四个方面。对此，提出了近期亟需加强的四方面对策措施，通过以流域统筹、完善河长制考核和水环境质量改善为总抓手，在管理体系、执法能力、水源保护和污染防治四个方面形成系统性合力，深入推进工业废水达标排放、城镇管网截污治理、市政污泥资源化处理处置、农村污水低碳经济处理和农村面源污染防治，强化依法治水和科学治水。

关键词：水污染防治河长制环境管理环境标准水源保护

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水污染控制专题主编寄语 Editorial

侯立安

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第5期页码 813-814 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.08.001

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控制水污染，促进可持续发展

Ana Deletic, Huanting Wang

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第5期页码 839-840 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.013

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流域水土环境污染跨介质治理策略

夏星辉 ,裴元生 ,郑少奎 ,刘瑞民 ,文武 ,王功芹 ,杨志峰

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第5期页码 49-55 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.007

摘要：

污染物在流域水土环境中存在复杂的源汇关系，在水土环境中的转化作用主要受控于各种水‒ 土界面过程，为此，水土环境污染治理需将水土环境作为一个整体，通过跨介质归因识别找到真正的污染源，然后进行跨介质治理。本文首先分析了污染物在流域水土环境中的跨水‒ 土介质迁移过程以及主要影响因素，在此基础上提出了流域水土环境跨介质调控原理及关键过程，主要包括流域水土环境污染跨介质归因识别和流域水土环境污染跨介质治理。同时，重点阐述了污染物在河道外的土壤‒ 水界面、坡面‒ 河道界面，河道内的水‒ 沉积物界面（包括河床潜流带和侧向岸边潜流带的水‒固界面）和水‒ 悬浮颗粒物界面过程在跨介质去除中的重要作用，并采用实际案例阐述了流域非点源污染物的跨介质控制、河流含氮化合物的跨介质去除以及湖泊氮磷的跨介质去除方法等。研究结果可为流域水土环境污染防治提供科学依据。

关键词：流域；水土污染防治；水土环境；水 ‒ 沉积物界面；水环境质量；跨介质治理

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三峡库区水污染防治的关键在源头控制与削减

魏复盛,张建辉 ,何立环,王鑫,吴国平,丁中元

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第2期页码 4-9

摘要：

分析了三峡库区水污染的主要原因，提出三峡水库水污染防治的关键是从源头严格控制和减少污染物产生量和排放量，指出水污染防治的根本途径是真正落实科学发展观，实现三大战略转变。对已受到污染的库湾和支流（水华）应采取源头控制、末端治理与生态修复相结合的措施。

关键词：三峡库区水污染防治源头控制战略转变

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辽河流域水污染治理和水环境管理技术体系构建 ——国家重大水专项在辽河流域的探索与实践

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第3期页码 4-10

摘要：

水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项是国家中长期科技发展规划的16个重大专项之一，辽河流域是国家水污染治理的重点流域。在总结辽河流域水环境问题的基础上，阐述了水专项在辽河流域构建水污染治理和水环境管理两大技术体系的目标、思路、框架和内容。通过“十一五”的实施，水专项已经在辽河流域成功实施了流域水生态功能分区、水质基准制定、流域水生态承载力、控制单元水质目标管理、重点工业行业水污染治理以及水环境风险预警与风险管理等关键技术示范。两大技术体系的构建与实施对辽河流域的水质改善和生态恢复发挥了积极明显的作用。辽河流域已经初步形成流域统筹、“分区、分类、分级、分期”的水环境管理新模式，为流域水质目标管理在全国的推广起到了很好的示范作用。

关键词：水污染治理水环境管理技术体系水专项辽河流域

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三峡库区及其上游水污染防治补偿机制的探讨

何继善,戴若林,王孟钧,张彦春

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第5期页码 6-9

摘要：

基于生态环境补偿的理念，提出了建立水污染防治补偿机制的必要性和理论依据，探讨了水污染防治补偿机制建立的基本原则、补偿主体和补偿模式等相关问题，并结合三峡库区及其上游地区的具体情况，提出了建立国家层面的水污染防治补偿机制的具体建议。缓解三峡库区及其上游地区水污染治理资金短缺的矛盾，调动上下游合力治污的积极性，对流域水质保护和水污染防治具有重要的现实意义。

关键词：水污染防治补偿机制外部性卡尔多–希克斯改进原理国家补偿